Justification of a new method of alternative treatment of high congenital hip dislocations in adolescents and adults

Aim. Justofocation of a new method of hip joint stabilization in adolescents and adults with congenital hip dislocation by preserving its own bone structures. Methods. The biomechanical substantiation of a new method of surgical correction of the proximal femur is presented. A primary analysis of the surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation was performed on 101 patients (116 joints) aged 14 to 30 years (average age 21.3 ± 3.5 years) by creating an additional point of support for the pelvis according to the authors' method with 10 to 15-year follow up. The technique includes angulating elongating squamous oblique osteotomy of the thigh, which allows extending the limb simultaneously to 4 cm and restoring its biomechanical axis. All patients were evaluated clinically, radiologically and using Harris scale before and after the surgery. Results. At the analysis of the treatment results 10-15 years after the operation in 56 patients, the average Harris score increased from 42.7 (from 40.1 to 45.3) to 81.1 (77.2-86.7). Valgus proximal hip and oblique intertrochanteric osteotomy allowed elongating the limb in one-side hip dislocation by 3.2 ± 0.8 (95 % CI 2.8-4.0 cm), shortening of the limb by 3 cm persisted in all patients with one-side hip dislocation. In 37 patients (43 joints) podographic examination revealed restoration of rhythmic walking and longer single-support time. Conclusion. The suggested method of treatment of high congenital hip dislocation is an effective and minimally invasive method of stabilization of the hip joint in adolescents and adults. We discuss the question of possible reconstructive surgeries with preserved own bone structures in young patients aged 14 to 30 years, creating of bone mass in hip joint area for further joint replacement

A multi-criteria optimization and decision-making approach for improvement of food engineering processes

The objective of this study was to propose a multi-criteria optimization and decision-making technique to solve food engineering problems. This technique was demonstrated using experimental data obtained on osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in a sodium chloride solution. The Aggregating Functions Approach, the Adaptive Random Search Algorithm, and the Penalty Functions Approach were used in this study to compute the initial set of non-dominated or Pareto-optimal solutions. Multiple non-linear regression analysis was performed on a set of experimental data in order to obtain particular multi-objective functions (responses), namely water loss, solute gain, rehydration ratio, three different colour criteria of rehydrated product, and sensory evaluation (organoleptic quality). Two multi-criteria decision-making approaches, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Tabular Method (TM), were used simultaneously to choose the best alternative among the set of non-dominated solutions. The multi-criteria optimization and decision-making technique proposed in this study can facilitate the assessment of criteria weights, giving rise to a fairer, more consistent, and adequate final compromised solution or food process. This technique can be useful to food scientists in research and education, as well as to engineers involved in the improvement of a variety of food engineering processes.Facultad de IngenieríaCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

A multi-criteria optimization and decision-making approach for improvement of food engineering processes

The objective of this study was to propose a multi-criteria optimization and decision-making technique to solve food engineering problems. This technique was demonstrated using experimental data obtained on osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in a sodium chloride solution. The Aggregating Functions Approach, the Adaptive Random Search Algorithm, and the Penalty Functions Approach were used in this study to compute the initial set of non-dominated or Pareto-optimal solutions. Multiple non-linear regression analysis was performed on a set of experimental data in order to obtain particular multi-objective functions (responses), namely water loss, solute gain, rehydration ratio, three different colour criteria of rehydrated product, and sensory evaluation (organoleptic quality). Two multi-criteria decision-making approaches, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Tabular Method (TM), were used simultaneously to choose the best alternative among the set of non-dominated solutions. The multi-criteria optimization and decision-making technique proposed in this study can facilitate the assessment of criteria weights, giving rise to a fairer, more consistent, and adequate final compromised solution or food process. This technique can be useful to food scientists in research and education, as well as to engineers involved in the improvement of a variety of food engineering processes.Facultad de IngenieríaCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

A multi-criteria optimization and decision-making approach for improvement of food engineering processes

The objective of this study was to propose a multi-criteria optimization and decision-making technique to solve food engineering problems. This technique was demonstrated using experimental data obtained on osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in a sodium chloride solution. The Aggregating Functions Approach, the Adaptive Random Search Algorithm, and the Penalty Functions Approach were used in this study to compute the initial set of non-dominated or Pareto-optimal solutions. Multiple non-linear regression analysis was performed on a set of experimental data in order to obtain particular multi-objective functions (responses), namely water loss, solute gain, rehydration ratio, three different colour criteria of rehydrated product, and sensory evaluation (organoleptic quality). Two multi-criteria decision-making approaches, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Tabular Method (TM), were used simultaneously to choose the best alternative among the set of non-dominated solutions. The multi-criteria optimization and decision-making technique proposed in this study can facilitate the assessment of criteria weights, giving rise to a fairer, more consistent, and adequate final compromised solution or food process. This technique can be useful to food scientists in research and education, as well as to engineers involved in the improvement of a variety of food engineering processes.Facultad de IngenieríaCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Thermal food processing optimization: Algorithms and software

The algorithms and graphic user interface software package ?OPT-PROx? are developed to meet food engineering needs related to canned food thermal processing simulation and optimization. The adaptive random search algorithm and its modification coupled with penalty function?s approach, and the finite difference methods with cubic spline approximation are utilized by ?OPT-PROx? package (http://tomakechoice. com/optprox/index.html). The diversity of thermal food processing optimization problems with different objectives and required constraints are solvable by developed software. The geometries supported by the ?OPT-PROx? are the following: (1) cylinder, (2) rectangle, (3) sphere. The mean square error minimization principle is utilized in order to estimate the heat transfer coefficient of food to be heated under optimal condition. The developed user friendly dialogue and used numerical procedures makes the ?OPT-PROx? software useful to food scientists in research and education, as well as to engineers involved in optimization of thermal food processing

Stability of narrow beams in bulk Kerr-type nonlinear media

We consider (2+1)-dimensional beams, whose transverse size may be comparable to or smaller than the carrier wavelength, on the basis of an extended version of the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation derived from the Maxwell`s equations. As this equation is very cumbersome, we also study, in parallel to it, its simplified version which keeps the most essential term: the term which accounts for the {\it nonlinear diffraction}. The full equation additionally includes terms generated by a deviation from the paraxial approximation and by a longitudinal electric-field component in the beam. Solitary-wave stationary solutions to both the full and simplified equations are found, treating the terms which modify the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation as perturbations. Within the framework of the perturbative approach, a conserved power of the beam is obtained in an explicit form. It is found that the nonlinear diffraction affects stationary beams much stronger than nonparaxiality and longitudinal field. Stability of the beams is directly tested by simulating the simplified equation, with initial configurations taken as predicted by the perturbation theory. The numerically generated solitary beams are always stable and never start to collapse, although they display periodic internal vibrations, whose amplitude decreases with the increase of the beam power.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures Accepted for publication in PR

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS OF WORK OF KINEMATIC WALLS OF ASEISMIC BUILDINGS

Seismically active areas of Earth are built up more and more every year, and earthquakes bring big material and moralny damages. As a result of long searches and researches we developed kinematic walls which possess good adaptive (adapting) properties, and they, are quite acceptable for practical application. As show the numerous researches conducted by us on physical models and with use of the computer, efficiency of kinematic designs offered here is rather high: here seismic forces it is less в 5, 10, 15 times, than in buildings on the usual bases

ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY AND VITALITY OF SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INTERRELATION OF ELEMENTS WITH SEISMIC EXPOSURE

Objectives The aim of the study is to develop a model for assessing the reliability of frame systems, taking into account the redistribution of forces between vertical structures when plastic hinges are formed in them from horizontal seismic effects.Method The research method is based on the analysis of the schemes of mechanisms for the transition of frame systems to limit states, as well as probability theory, random processes and system reliability.Results Based on the analysis of the paths of transition of statically indefinable frame systems to failure states due to the formation of plastic hinges at the junction points of the posts with crossbars, a block diagram of the system elements connection has been developed, presented as a separate redundancy scheme. The expressions for estimating the probabilities of switching off the conditional elements in the computational model and transitions of the system, both to the backup and to the failure states are presented. Expressions are proposed for assessing the survivability of frame systems with a decrease in static indeterminacy due to the formation of plastic hinges in structures. The calculation example is given.Conclusion The proposed model for assessing reliability allows, in contrast to the parametric model, to evaluate the reliability of structures with regard to the redistribution of effort in structures with damage accumulated in racks in the form of plastic hinges, and to identify reliability reserves embedded in statically indeterminable systems under strong seismic effects

IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF SEISMIC WITH RUBBER MOUNTS ELEMENTS COMBINED WITH DRY FRICTION

The goal is to increase effectiveness of seismic isolation of buildings with flexible rubber-seismic isolation bearings (RSIB). In order to reduce the maximum displacement RSIB installed in the basement of frame buildings in seismic isolation system introduced elements of dry friction. By integrating the original system of differential equations of motion of the systems under consideration, the parameters of the seismic response of horizontal seismic shear forces, the maximum movement of the masses and maximum displacements RMSO in a wide range of seismic predominant period of the ground motion. By comparing the graphs and tables show the values of seismic response of seismic isolation system combining an advantage with rubber mounts with the elements of dry friction